犬助孕素(孕酮)缺乏症
助孕素 助孕素缺乏症是母犬怀孕失败的原因之一。
摘要
助孕素缺乏症是母犬怀孕失败的原因之一。诊断需要观察到异常低血清助孕素浓度,以及超音波验证存活的胎儿情况。治疗方法是注射天然助孕素或口服合成的助孕激素,且必须在排卵后约60天停止治疗以利幼犬的自发性分娩。
助孕素 (progesterone)
助孕素亦被称为孕酮、黄体酮、孕甾酮、黄体甾酮、助孕激素、黄体素或助孕酮,其缩写为P4是一种内生性类固醇和孕激素性激素,也是在体内的主要孕激素,由雌性的卵巢分泌,然而雄性则是由肾上腺皮质分泌。在哺乳动物体内,助孕素之生合成就跟其他类固醇一样,是由孕烯醇酮合成;而孕烯醇酮又是从胆固醇转化而来。助孕素负责人类和其它物种的月经周期,怀孕和胚胎过程,其中助孕素所扮演之生理功能角色在不同物种之中是相似的,例如滋润肥厚子宫内膜来让受精卵着床,亦也可以刺激乳房生长及阴道表皮细胞的繁殖,减少子宫肌层感受性及收缩,但是分泌周期和时间是会因物种差异而不同。母犬于发情周期中,受促黄体素(luteinizing hormone, LH)诱导下,血液中助孕素含量随之上升且在排卵后下降,并在分娩前一天或当天下降至基础水平(图一)。
诊断犬助孕素缺乏症
助孕素缺乏症是由于黄体分泌的助孕素量不足,随后导致血清中助孕素浓度减少和妊娠失败。故诊断助孕素缺乏症可以藉由检测血液中助孕素,以及超音波观察腹中胎儿状况判定之。除了黄体异常外,母犬本身发生创伤或全身性疾病,或是胎儿罹患先天性疾病也可能会造成妊娠犬只其血清中助孕素浓度减少。然而,其他感染性疾病例如布鲁氏菌,大肠杆菌、链球菌属、弓形虫病和犬疱疹病毒等感染也会造成妊娠失败。目前针对血液中助孕素的侦测可以使用放射免疫分析法(radioimmunoassay, RIA)、化学冷光免疫分析法(chemiluminescentimmunoassay, CLIA)和酵素结合免疫吸附分析法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)。
犬只助孕素缺乏症诊断方式:
(1).不孕的病史
(2).临床及妇科检查
(3).3次连续怀孕都在LH高峰后20天左右发生血中助孕素浓度下降。
(4).给予额外助孕速补充后,可以顺利完成怀孕。
犬助孕素缺乏症之治疗与观察
助孕素缺乏症的治疗可以藉由施打天然助孕素或者是口服人工合成的助孕激素。血清助孕素浓度因补充剂会在最后一次注射后三天内减少;而在口服补充剂停药后一天内减少。其中需注意的是,人工合成的孕酮激素例如Regu-mate® 或 altrenogest无法被市售检测试剂中抗体所辨识,故难以监测投喂后犬只血液中孕酮浓度。倘若施予母犬过多助孕素,使血液中高浓度助孕素维持时间超出分娩日,可能会导致母犬无法自然分娩或是仔犬胎死腹中。
图一 犬发情周期贺尔蒙变化。
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